Question

What is the difference between acyl and alkyl?

Answer 1

Acyl	Alkyl
Acyl groups are functional group that is formed by the molecules attached with double-bonded Carbon atom and Oxygen.	Alkyl groups are functional groups, that is consist of only Carbon and Hydrogen atom.
They are generally derived from oxoacids by the removal of hydroxyl group	Alkyl groups are formed by the removal of Hydrogen atom from alkanes.
In Acyl the Carbon is having ${\mathrm{sp}}^2$ hybridization	In Alkyl group the Carbon is having ${\mathrm{sp}}^3$hybridization
They can be easily recognized by the presence of Carbon with double bonds$\mathbf{(}\mathbf{C}\mathbf{=}\mathbf{O}\mathbf{)}$.	No double bond is present in the Carbon atom in such type of group.
Acyl groups are represented as follows: $\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{CO}-$	The general formula of alkyl group is ${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{n}}{\mathrm{H}}_{2\mathrm{n}+1}$
When mixed with water they turn water into acidic medium	Alkyl mixed with water does not turn water into an acidic solution when tested with a pH scale.
Example: Acyl Chloride ($\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{CO}-\mathrm{Cl}$)	Example: Methyl $(-{\mathrm{CH}}_3)$, propyl$(-{\mathrm{C}}_3{\mathrm{H}}_7)$, butyl$(-{\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_9)$, etc.