Question

What is the difference between chemical nature of an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride and an aqueous solution of ammonia?

Answer 1

Chemical nature of an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride	Chemical nature of an aqueous solution of ammonia
1. An aqueous solution of Hydrochloric acid is acidic in nature and it is extensively disassociate with hydronium ions ${\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}$and chloride ion ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{-}$	1. An aqueous solution of ammonia is basic in nature. Since it is of weak base it does not completely disassociate to form ammonium and hydroxide ions. Only fractional molecules disassociate in ammonia.
2. Hydrochloric acid can release proton, hence it is acidic in nature.	2. Ammonia acts as a Lewis base since it can donate its lone pair of electrons on nitrogen, thus it has alkaline nature.
3. It turns blue litmus to red.	3. It turns red litmus to red.
4. Hydronium ions are released in the solution $\mathrm{HCl}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)\to {\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}+{\mathrm{Cl}}^{-}$	4. Hydroxyl ions are released in solution ${\mathrm{NH}}_3\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)\rightleftarrows {{\mathrm{NH}}_4}^{+}+{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}$