What is the difference between distillation, distillation under reduced pressure and steam distillation ?

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Solution

The following table gives the difference between distillation, distillation under reduced pressure and steam distillation.

Distillation Distillation under reduced pressure
Steam distillation
Compounds containing non volatile impurities and the liquids that do not decompose on boiling can be purified. Thus, volatile liquids can be separated from non volatile liquids and mixture of liquids having significant boiling point difference can be separated. A liquid that decomposes on boiling can be purified by this method. Under reduced pressure, the boiling point is lowered. This prevents decomposition. Steam volatile and water immiscible organic compounds can be purified by this method. When steam is passed, the compound is heated and steam is condensed to water. After some time, the compound water mixture boils and passes through condenser. The condensed mixture is then separated.
For example, distillation can be used for the separation of petrol and kerosene.
For example, glycerol can be purified by distillation under reduced pressure. The boiling point of glycerol is 593K. At this temperature it decomposes. At reduced pressure, it boils at 453 K without decomposition. For example, aniline is purified by steam distillation.

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List-I	List-II
(A) Colored impurity	(P) Steam distillation
(B) Mixture of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol	(Q) Fractional distillation
(C) Crude Naphtha	(R) Charcoal treatment
(D) Mixture of glycerol and sugars	(S) Distillation under reduced pressure

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Distillation	Distillation under reduced pressure	Steam distillation
Compounds containing non volatile impurities and the liquids that do not decompose on boiling can be purified. Thus, volatile liquids can be separated from non volatile liquids and mixture of liquids having significant boiling point difference can be separated.	A liquid that decomposes on boiling can be purified by this method. Under reduced pressure, the boiling point is lowered. This prevents decomposition.	Steam volatile and water immiscible organic compounds can be purified by this method. When steam is passed, the compound is heated and steam is condensed to water. After some time, the compound water mixture boils and passes through condenser. The condensed mixture is then separated.
For example, distillation can be used for the separation of petrol and kerosene.	For example, glycerol can be purified by distillation under reduced pressure. The boiling point of glycerol is 593K. At this temperature it decomposes. At reduced pressure, it boils at 453 K without decomposition.	For example, aniline is purified by steam distillation.