What is the difference between the chemical composition of soaps and detergents? State in brief the action of soaps in removing an oily spot from a shirt. Why soaps are not considered suitable for washing where water is hard?

OR

List in tabular form three physical and two chemical properties on the basis of which ethanol and ethanoic acid can be differentiated.

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Solution

Soaps are potassium or sodium salts of long chain carboxylic acid. On the other hand, detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acid.
Action of soap in removing an oily spot from a shirt
The dirt present on clothes is organic in nature and insoluble in water. Therefore, it cannot be removed by only washing with water. When soap is dissolved in water, its hydrophobic ends attach themselves to the dirt and remove it from the cloth. Then, the molecules of soap arrange themselves in micelle formation and trap the dirt at the centre of the cluster. These micelles remain suspended in the water. Hence, the dust particles are easily rinsed away by water.

OR
Difference in physical properties of ethanol and ethanoic acid
$\begin{matrix} E t h a n o l & E t h a n o i c a c i d I t i s l i q u i d a t r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e . & I t o f t e n f r e e z e s i n w i n t e r . I t s m e l t i n g p o i n t i s 156 K . & I t s m e l t i n g p o i n t i s 290 K . I t s m e l t i n g p o i n t i s 351 K . & I t s b o i l i n g p o i n t i s 391 K . \end{matrix}$
Difference in chemical properties of ethanol and ethanoic acid
$\begin{matrix} E t h a n o l & E t h a n o i c a c i d 1. I t r e l e a s e s h y d r o g e n g a s o n r e a c t i o n . & 1. I t d o e s n o t r e l e a s e h y d r o g e n g a s o n w i t h m e t a l l i c s o d i u m . & r e a c t i o n w i t h m e t a l l i c s o d i u m . 2. I t d o e s n o t r e l e a s e c a r b o n d i o x i d e & 2. I t r e l e a s e s c a r b o n d i o x i d e g a s o n r e a c t i o n g a s o n r e a c t i o n w i t h s o d i u m b i c a r b o n a t e . & w i t h s o d i u m b i c a r b o n a t e . \end{matrix}$

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Q. Question 7
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