Question

What is the outcome of Recombination?

Answer 1

Recombination:

1. Recombination is the phenomenon of the exchange of genetic material between different regions of the same chromosome or different regions of two chromosomes.
2. Recombination can be also defined as the physical breakage and rejoining of DNA molecules.
3. During meiosis (particularly, during prophase I), homologous chromosomes line up in pairs and swap portions of DNA, which is one of the most well-known forms of recombination.
4. Recombination happens at random during meiosis in nature and is aided by the occurrence of crossing over.
5. Recombination process results in genetic diversity at the gene level, reflecting changes in DNA sequences between species.
6. Recombination produces individuals as a result of the fertilisation of haploid male and female gametes.

Three types of recombination:

Homologous recombination: The exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes (having a similar size and the same number of genes) during meiosis is called homologous recombination.
Non-homologous recombination: The exchange of genetic material between non-homologous chromosomes ( no homology between two chromosomes) is called non-homologous recombination or crossing over.
Site-specific recombination: The type of recombination in which DNA is cut from a specific site with the help of restriction endonucleases enzymes and insertion of the desired interest of DNA is called Recombinant DNA Technology.