Question

What is the overall chemical equation for chemiosmosis?

Answer 1

Chemiosmosis

1. Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membranous structure, down their electrochemical gradient like in mitochondria and chloroplast.
2. Chemiosmosis requires a membrane, a proton pump, a proton gradient, and ATP synthase.
3. Energy is used to pump protons across a membrane.
4. ATP synthase has a channel that allows the diffusion of protons back.
5. So, ATP synthesis is linked to the development of a proton gradient across a membrane.
6. Chemiosmosis takes place in chloroplast during photosynthesis and in mitochondria during cellular respiration.
7. In the thylakoid, the proton accumulation is the inside of the membrane that is in the lumen.
8. This creates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane.
9. This proton gradient help in the generation of ATP with help of ATP synthase.
10. The ATP synthase enzyme consists of two parts: called the CF_{0 and} CF ₁
11. In respiration, protons accumulate in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria.
12. ${\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_6+2\mathrm{ATP}+2\mathrm{NAD}\to 2\mathrm{Pyruvate}+4\mathrm{ATP}+2\mathrm{NADH}$