What is the pattern whereby a greater number of species is present closer to the equator and fewer present away from it?
The Amazon rainforests and the rainforests of Malaysia lie right at the equator, while the Arctic Tundra lies at the North pole farthest away from the equator. As is apparent from this, species richness decreases as you move away from the equator. This is one of the most widely studied patterns of biodiversity, and is called the latitudinal gradients.