With a linear process, eigenvalues and eigenvectors allow one to "reduce" to different, simpler issues.
For example, if a stress is applied to a "strong principle direction," certain directions in which the deformation is larger, the deformation may be split into “plastic.”
The wave function gives observable knowledge about a system for a specific physical structure.
The term "eigenvalue" comes from the German word "eigenwert," which means "proper or characteristic value."
The presence of a collection of 'orthogonal' is essential to the eigenfunction expansion technique. A set of eigenfunctions that can be used to build a solution.