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Difficulty of Carbon to Form a Stable Ion

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What is the reason that although having 5 electrons in outermost shell, nitrogen generally shows only valency 3 but phosphorus shows both valencies 3 and 5.

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Q. Assertion :Elements in the same group show same valency. Reason: As the outermost electron is added in the same valence shell as they share the same electronic configuration.

Q. Assertion :Lithium (Li) have 1 valence electron. Reason: The number of electrons in the outermost (valence) shell are called the valence electrons.

Q. Why does phosphorus show two valencies (3 and 5) ? Wouldn't it be easier to gain 3 electrons rather than losing 5 electrons? I mean if phosphorus loses five electrons, it'll have a 5+ charge, which is quite unstable, as explained in this video for carbon: https://youtu.be/4E8ShsaWssA .

Q. Atomic number is Phosphorus is 15
Electronic configuration=K L. M
2. 8. 5
To form octet it requires 3 electron .Hence valency should be 3 but why is valency of Phosphorus is 5 as well as 3 .??

Q. Three elements A, B and C have 3, 4 and 2 electrons respectively in their outermost shell. Their valencies respectively are:

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