Question

What is the temperature range of a useful superconductor?

Answer 1

Superconductor:

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a stage of matter in which there is no electrical resistance and magnetic forces cannot penetrate is called a superconductor. A superconductor's electric current can last endlessly.

Peak field:

1. The peak field is the strongest magnetic field that a material can withstand at a particular temperature and yet remain superconducting.
2. Perfect conductivity and the total expulsion of magnetic fields are two characteristics of superconductivity.
3. The phase transition between the normal and superconducting states can be brought on by changes in either temperature or magnetic flux density.

Explanation:

1. Superconducting materials' essential properties are inversely related to absolute temperature. This means that whenever the temperature decreases, the superconducting object's superconducting qualities will rise.
2. The largest peak field for such a superconducting magnet might well be attained by operating this same magnet somewhere at the lowest attainable temperature. Super fluid helium, which could also cool a system below about $2.1\mathrm{K}$, has been the most suited as well as a viable alternative.
3. One of the biggest disadvantages of employing super fluid helium is the significant energy required for helium cooling. Furthermore, supercritical helium is incredibly difficult to confine. It should be mentioned that the magnets utilized in CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

Therefore, a temperature of $4.2\mathrm{Kelvin}$ would've been ideal for metallic superconducting materials. Liquid helium provides this temperature.