What is the total number of sigma and pi bonds in the following molecules?

(a) C₂H₂ (b) C₂H₄

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Solution

A single bond is a result of the axial overlap of bonding orbitals. Hence, it contributes a sigma bond. A multiple bond (double or triple bond) is always formed as a result of the sidewise overlap of orbitals. A pi-bond is always present in it. A triple bond is a combination of two pi-bonds and one sigma bond.

Structure of C₂H₂ can be represented as:

Hence, there are three sigma and two pi-bonds in C₂H₂.

The structure of C₂H₄ can be represented as:

Hence, there are five sigma bonds and one pi-bond in C₂H₄.

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