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The valency of an element is defined as the measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules.
Certain elements possess more than one valence, which is termed variable valency.
Copper, iron, lead, mercury, tin are examples of metals that exhibit variable valency.
If an element exhibits two different positive valencies, then the suffix “ous” is used to indicate the lower valency and the suffix “ic” is used to indicate the higher valency
For example:
Ferrum (Fe)
For the lower valency, the suffix -OUS is added – Ferrous (Fe2+)
For the higher valency, the suffix – IC is added – Ferric (Fe3+)
Copper (Cu)
For the lower valency, the suffix -OUS is added – Cuperous (Cu1+)
For the higher valency, the suffix – IC is added – Cupric (Cu2+)