When the light rays from the Sun pass through the atmosphere, it gets deviated due to the presence of air, dust particles, and water molecules. This phenomenon is called the scattering of light.
The extent of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength of the light.
A longer wavelength of light like red color scatters less and a smaller wavelength of light like blue scatters most.
Step 2: Light scattering by small particles, large particles, and very large particles
Small particles scatter blue light compared to red.
Large particles scatter longer wavelengths of light such as red color.
Very large particles scatter all colors, therefore it appears white.