Dear Student
A proton is a hydrogen atom with no electron, i.e. hydrogen atom having only 1 proton and 1 neutron with a positive charge.
A alpha particle resemble a helium atom with twice the charge of a proton i.e. +2. It has 2 protons and 2 neutrons in it. An alpha particle is emitted during a radioactive disintegration of larger particles.
A photon is the smallest quantized particle of a light or an electromagnetic radiation. It has no charge and the rest mass of a photon is also zero.
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