Question

What toxins are released by dinoflagellates?

Answer 1

Dinoflagellates:

1. These are unicellular protists containing two flagella. These are marine plankton having plant cell characteristics such as cellulose-containing walls, and synthesis of their own food by photosynthesis.
2. These have a symbiotic relationship with larger animals such as jellyfish, sea anemones, corals
3. Examples of dinoflagellates are Noctiluca, Gonyaulax, Ceratium,
4. Dinoflagellate protects itself by producing toxins.

Some of the toxins released by dinoflagellates are:

1. Brevetoxins: It's a lipid-soluble neurotoxic toxin that affects the nervous system.
2. Saxitoxin- It is a sulfated polysaccharide, that blocks sodium ions from moving through sodium channels on cell membranes inhibiting membrane depolarization.
3. Azaspiracids - lipophilic, polyether toxin.