What type of bonds are present in the following molecules? Draw their electron-dot structures.
(i) H₂
(ii) CH₄
(iii) Cl₂
(iv) CO₂

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Solution

(i) Covalent bond is the chemical bond present in an H₂molecule as one hydrogen atom shares its electrons with another hydrogen atom.
The electron-dot structure is:

(ii) Covalent bond is the chemical bond present in CH₄ as a carbon atom shares its electrons with four hydrogen atoms.
The electron-dot structure is:

(iii) Covalent bond is the chemical bond present in a Cl₂molecule as one chlorine atom shares its electrons with another chlorine atom.
The electron-dot structure is:

(iv) Covalent bond is the bond present in O₂ as one oxygen atom shares its electrons with another oxygen atom.
The electron-dot structure is:

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How many covalent bonds are present in the following compounds?

(i) $C O_{2}$

(ii) $H_{2} O$

(iii) $C H_{4}$

(iv) $N_{2}$

(v) $N H_{3}$

Draw the electron dot structures of the following compounds and state the type of bonding in each case:
(i) $C O_{2}$

(ii) $M g O$

(iii) $H_{2} O$

(iv) $H C I$

(v) $M g C l_{2}$

(a) Draw an electron dot diagram to show the structure of each of the following :

(i) Hydronium ion, (ii) Ammonium ion,

(iii) Hydroxyl ion

State the type of bonding present in them.

(b) Give two examples in each case :

(i) Co-ordinate bonds compounds,

(ii) Solid covalent compounds,

(iii) Gaseous polar compounds,

(iv) Gaseous non polar compounds,

(v) Liquid non polar compounds

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