The Rowlatt Act was passed in March 1919. This act authorised the Government to imprison any person without trial & convict him in a court.
The Rowlatt Act implied:
(i) Arrest of a person without warrant.
(ii) In camera trial (trial in seclusion)
(iii) Restrictions on movements of individuals.
(iv) Suspension of the Right of Habeas Corpus.
The Act came like a sudden blow to the Indians who were expecting self-governance. Gandhiji appealed to the Viceroy to withhold his consent to such measures. However his appeal was ignored. He started 'Satyagraha' as a challenge to the government.