Question

What was the basis of the Varna System? Discuss the four Varnas of the Later Vedic period.

Answer 1

Instructions:
The answer for this question can be broken down into two parts

1. Explain the meaning and basis of the Varna system.
2. Explain the four varnas and the role played by them in the society.

Solution:
The priests divided people of the Later Vedic Age into four groups, called Varnas. This division was done on the basis of birth.
According to them, each Varna had a different set of functions to perform.

• The Brahmins: The Brahmins were at the top. They were expected to study and teach the Vedas, perform sacrifices and receive gifts.
• The Kshatriyas: In the second place were the Kshatriyas or the warrior class. They were expected to fight battles and protect people.
• The Vish or the Vaishyas: Third were the Vishs or the Vaishyas. They were expected to be farmers, herders and traders.
• The Shudras: Last were the shudras, who had to serve the other three groups and could not perform any rituals. Generally, women were also grouped with the shudras.