The main causes behind the building of the Underground were
1. London had become the largest city in the world by the nineteenth century.
2. There was a large influx of people into the city through migration.
3. It was necessary to provide some reliable means of transport to the urban population.
4. The main means of transport at that time was horse drawn carriages.
5. These carriages were causing congestion in London. Hence, the underground was built as a means to relieve the congestion.