(a) Ligaments belong to the group of connective tissues which connect bones to other bones at joints. It is made up of strong band of fibers and overstretching of ligaments can cause small breaks in the fiber or twisting and tearing of them. This can lead to severe pain and difficulty in performing daily chores.
(b) Heparin is an anticoagulant which is found in blood. It prevents the blood from clotting. If it is absent in blood, then the blood would coagulate inside the blood vessels.
(c) Rapid contraction of striated muscles for longer duration will cause fatigue of these muscles due to production of lactic acid.