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Rate of Reaction

What would be...

Question

What would be the effect of increasing solvent polarity on the rate of each of the following reactions? (Nu = neutral nucleophile)(A) $N u + R - L ⟶ \oplus N u - R + L^{-}$

A

increases

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B

decreases

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C

constant

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D

can not be predicted

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Solution

The correct option is A increases
$N u$ is better stabilized in protic solvent
$∴$ As polarity $T$ , Rate $T$
$N u + R - L \to \oplus N u - R + L^{-}$

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Q. The mechanism of the reaction:

N u^{-} + R - X \to R - N u + X^{-}

N u^{-} + R - X \to

[Transition state] (slow) [Transition state]

\to N u - R + X^{-}

(fast) The rate of reaction can be increased by:

R - O | | C - Z + N u^{-} ⟶ R - O | | C - N u + Z^{-}

The rate of the reaction is the fastest when

^{'} Z^{'}

Q. Two vibrating strings of the same material but lengths

L

2 L

2 r

r

respectively. They are stretched under the same tension. Both the strings vibrate in their fundamental modes, the one of length

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ν_{1}

and the other with frequency

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\frac{ν_{1}}{ν_{2}}

C H_{3} B r + N u^{⊖} \to C H_{3} - N u + B r

decreasing order of the rate of above reaction with nucleophiles

(N u^{⊖})

A

D

[N u^{⊖} = (A) P h O^{-}, (B) A c O^{-}, (C) H O^{-}, (D) C H_{3} O^{-}]

{C H}_{3} - B r + {N u}^{⊖} ⟶ {C H}_{3} - N u + B r

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]

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