When a metal X is treated with cold water, it gives a base Y with molecular formula XOH (Molecular mass = 40) and liberates a gas Z, which easily catches fire. Identify X, Y and Z and also write the reaction involved.

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Solution

Molecular mass of $X + O + H = 40$
$\to X + 16 + 1 = 40$
$\to X = 23$
Only Na has the molecular mass of 23. Therefore, X is sodium and Y is sodium hydroxide as it has molecular mass 40.

Sodium on reaction with cold water gives out sodium hydroxide, hydrogen gas and heat energy. The reaction occurs as follows:

$2 Na(s) + 2 H_{2} O(cold) \to 2 NaOH(aq) + H_{2} (g) + Heat energy$

Hydrogen gas easily catches fire. Therefore, Z is hydrogen gas.

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