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Physiology of Digestion

When a person...

Question

When a person puts food in his mouth, then teeth cut it into small pieces, chew and grind it. The glands A in the mouth secrete a substance B which is mixed with the food by the tongue. The substance B contains an enzyme C which starts the digestion of food in the mouth. The slightly digested food from the mouth goes down a tube D. The special type of movements E in the walls of tube D pushes the food into the stomach for further digestion. The stomach wall secretes gastric juice containing three substance F, G and H. One of the functions of F is to kill bacteria which may enter the stomach with food. The substance G protects the inside layer of the stomach from the damaging effect of substance F whereas substance H is an enzyme for digestion. The partially digested food then enters into the small intestine for further digestion.
(a) What is (i) gland A (ii) substance B, and (iii) enzyme C?
(b) Name the tube D.
(c) What is the movement E known as?
(d) What are (i) F (ii) G, and (iii) H?

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Solution

(a) (i) Salivary gland (ii) Saliva (iii) Salivary amylase (b) Oesophagus (c) Peristaltic movement (d) (i) Hydrochloric acid (ii) Mucus (iii) Enzyme pepsin

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Q. The partially digested food coming from the stomach of a person enters a long and narrow organ A in his body. The organ A receives the secretion of two glands : liver and pancreas. Liver secretes a greenish-yellow liquid B which is normally stored in the organ C. Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains three digestive enzymes D, E and F. The intestinal juice completes the process of digestion of food. The inner wall of organ A has millions of tiny finger-like projections G which help in the rapid absorption of digested food into blood stream. The undigested part of food then passes into wider tube H which absorbs most of the water from undigested food. The last part of tube H called I stores this undigested food (or waste) for some time. The undigested food is then passed out though opening J as faeces in the process known as K.
(a) Name the organ A.
(b) Name (i) liquid B, and (ii) organ C.
(c) What are the digestive enzymes D, E and F?
(d) Name the projections G present on the inner wall of organ A.
(e) Name (i) tube H (ii) part I (iii) opening J, and (iv) process K.

Q. The functions of the organs of digestion are listed below. Write the name of one organ from the lost against each phrase stomach, liver, small intestine, oesophagus, mouth, large intestine.
(a) no digestion takes place here _________________
(b) food is partly digested here in an acidic medium ________________
(c) digest and also absorbs food _______________
(d) takes food from the mouth to the stomach _______________
(e) starch is partly digested here ________________
(f) produces bile __________________

Q. After the partial digestion of food in mouth, it enters into ____ and reaches the stomach.

Q. Write True (T) or False (F) against the following statements in the given brackets:
1. Rumen in cow is actually the true stomach. ( )
2. Digestion of food starts in the mouth. ( )
3. Gastric juice is secreted by the small intestine. ( )
4. An enzyme called ptyalin is present in saliva. ( )
5. Villi helps in digestion of food. ( )

The process of digestion of food in humans begins in:
(a) stomach
(b) food pipe
(c) mouth
(d) small intestine

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