When a piece of limestone reacts with dilute HCl, a gas X is produced. When gas X is passed through lime water, a white precipitate Y is formed. On passing excess of gas X, the white precipitate dissolves forming a soluble compound Z.

(a) What are X, Y and Z?

(b) Write equations for the reactions which take place:

(i) when limestone reacts with dilute HCl.

(ii) when gas X reacts with lime water to form white precipitate Y.

(iii) when excess of gas X dissolves white precipitate Y to form a soluble compound Z.

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Solution

The metal carbonates reacts with acid produces metal salt, water, and carbon dioxide. When ${C O}_{2}$ passes through limewtaer it forms a white precipitate due to formation of calcium carbonate. And when excess of ${C O}_{2}$ passes through lime water it forms a soluble compound calcium bicarbonate.
(a) X: ${C O}_{2}$
Y: ${C a C O}_{3}$
Z: $C a (H C O_{3})_{2}$

(b) (i) Reaction of limestone with dilute HCl:
${C a C O}_{3} (s)$ + $2 H C l (a q)$ $\to$ ${C a C l}_{2} (a q)$ + $H_{2} O (l)$ + ${C O}_{2} (g)$

(ii) Reaction of gas X with limewater to produce precipitate Y:
${C a (O H)}_{2} (a q)$ + ${C O}_{2} (g)$ $\to$ ${C a C O}_{3} (s)$ + $H_{2} O (l)$

(iii) Reaction of gas X with Y (a precipitate) to form Z (a soluble compound):
${C a C O}_{3} (s)$ + $H_{2} O (l)$ + ${C O}_{2} (g)$ $\to$ $C a (H C O_{3})_{2} (a q)$

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