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Question

When a system is in equilibrium for all possible processes, the differential or finite change of entropy is:

A
negative
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B
positive
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C
zero
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D
none of these
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Solution

The correct option is A negative
For an equilibrium process, Stotal is zero i.e.
Stotal=0
We know that, Stotal=Ssystem+Ssurrounding
From 1st law of thermodynamics, we know that heat lost by the system must be absorbed by the surrounding
Ssurrounding=qsurroundingTsurrounding
Since, heat is absorbed, qsurrounding is positive and hence Ssurrounding will be positive
Hence Ssystem=Ssurrounding
i.e. Ssystem will be negative

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