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Question

When α-particles are passed through a thin metal foil, most of them go straight through the foil because:

A
α-particles are much heavier than electrons
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B
α-particles are positively charged
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C
most of the atom is empty
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D
α-particles move with a high velocity
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Solution

The correct option is C most of the atom is empty
As most of the mass of an atom is present in the nucleus and since the volume the of nucleus is very small (only a minute fraction of the total volume of the atom) when compared to the volume of the atom. So, most of the α-particles pass through the atom without any deviation.

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