Question

When an atom becomes an ion, how will it try to become stable during chemical reaction? By giving out extra electron/proton or taking the missing electron/proton?

Answer 1

No atom or ion looses proton because proton are inside the nucleus under strong intenuclear forces of attraction. But atoms or ions becomes stable in a chemical reaction by donating or recieving electron from the neighbouring atoms. Whether the electron is donated or recieved depends upon the fact that whether it is positive ion ( cation) or negative ion (anion). If it is positive ion then it is actually deficit of electron and then it becomes stable by recieving electron of the equal amount( that is if the positive ion has +1 charge then 1 electron is recieved if it has +2 charge then it recieves 2 electrons and so on). Similarly if the ion is negative then it looses the electron or donates it to their neighbouring atom and becomes stable.