When electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of brine, it decomposes to form 'X'. This process is called 'Y' becuase of the products formed. Products 'Z' and 'W' are formed at the cathode and the anode respectively. Identify, X, Y, Z and W.
X - Sodium hydroxide Y- Chlor-alkali Z - Hydrogen W - Chlorine
It is the chlor-alkali process, and is called so, as chlorine and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda, an alkali) are produced by the electrolysis of NaCl soln. (brine soln.). The cathode products are NaOH and H2 while the anode product is Chlorine.
For a Chlor- Alkali process:
Anode reaction:Cl−(aq)→Cl2+e− Cathode reaction:Na+(aq)+H2O+e−→NaOH+12H2 Overall reaction:NaCl(aq)+H2O→NaOH+12H2+12Cl2