When electrons are removed/added from/to the outermost shell of an atom, ______are formed.
Ions
Ions are formed, when the outermost electrons are removed/added.
Example:
Hydrogen has 1 electron in its outermost shell. If this single electron is removed, then the element becomes hydrogen ion.
Flurorine has 7 electrons in its outermost shell. If it gains an electron to complete its octet, the element becomes fluorine ion.