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Question

When water flows through a pipe, which layer moves fastest?

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Solution

Case-I: Open channel (where flow rate doesn't cover)
the complete perimeter
The topmost layer has least viscosity
and therefore the maximum velocity.
Case-II: Closed channel flow (which wets total
perimeter of the pipe)
the central line of the pipe has the
maximum velocity, because other layers
(above & below) experience opposition by the
pipe walls.

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