Question

When will the volume of water be minimum?

Answer 1

Water:

• Water is made up of one Oxygen and two Hydrogen atoms.
• The bonding between hydrogen as well as oxygen atoms in a water molecule is covalent bonding.
• Water will form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules via hydrogen bonding.

Volume of water:

• At $4^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$, the density of the water is maximum.
• The clusters begin to form at 4 °C.
• The formation of clusters causes the molecules to move farther apart even if the molecules are still slowing down and getting closer together.
• Since cluster formation has a greater impact, the density begins to decline. As a result, at $4^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$, water has its highest density.
• Density is defined as the ratio of mass over volume. Thus, density has an inverse relation with volume.

$\mathrm{Density}\left(\mathrm{D}\right)=\frac{\mathrm{Mass}\left(\mathrm{m}\right)}{\mathrm{Volume}\left(\mathrm{V}\right)}$

• Therefore, at $4^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$, the volume of the water is minimum.