Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?
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Solution
The two climatic factors responsible for soil formation are temperature and rainfall.
The other climatic factors responsible for soil formation are rate of weathering, and humus.
Apart from Climate, other major factors which are responsible for the formation of the soil are Relief, Parent Rock, Time, flora, fauna and microorganisms.
Under Relief, the major factors which are responsible for the formation of soil are slope, altitude, accumulation of soil.
Time is a factor which determines the thickness of the soil.
The rate of humus formation is determined by the flora, fauna and microorganisms.
Parent rock determines the permeability of soil, chemical properties of soil, colour of the soil, texture of the soil, content and mineral composition of the soil.
The major threat to soil resource is the depletion and soil erosion.
Degradation of soils takes place due to natural factors and human factors.
Floods, landslides, rain wash, pesticides, overuse of chemical fertilizers, overgrazing, deforestation are the major factors which lead to degradation of soil.