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Question

Which are various media of spreading the infectious diseases?

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Solution

Dear student.

Some of the communicable/infectious diseases, their causative organisms, their transmission and control measures are listed below:

Diseases

Causative organisms

Symptoms

Transmission

Control and prevention

Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Weight loss, cough, fever, chest pain, breathlessness, blood-containing sputum Droplet infection BCG vaccine, antibiotics such as streptomycin; quarantining the patient
Diphtheria Corynebacterium diphtheriae Sore throat, skin ulcers Droplet infection DPT vaccine; quarantining the patient; antitoxins, antibiotic prophylaxis
Whooping cough (pertussis) Bordetella pertussis Severe cough with whooping sound, vomiting Droplet infection DPT vaccine
Tetanus Clostridium tetani Muscular spasms of the mouth and neck regions, convulsions, death due to lack of oxygen Cuts and open wounds in the skin DPT vaccine, Tetanus Toxoid injection
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Inflammation of the gut, severe diarrhoea, abdominal pain characterised by rice-water stools Faecal contamination of water and food Antibiotics such as tetracycline and chloramphenicol; clean water supply, properly disposing wastes
Typhoid Salmonella typhi Fever, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, headache Faecal contamination of food and water Antibiotics such as ampicillin and chloramphenicol
Syphilis Treponema pallidum Pinhead or pea-sized sores with red centre around the sex organs Sexual contact with infected person Penicillin injection; avoiding sexual contact with infected person
Gonorrhoea Neisseria gonorrhoeae Burning sensation during urination, feeling of ill health, fever, headache Sexual contact with infected person Antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin; avoiding sexual contact with

Regards.

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