Which can be explained as applications of Le Chatelier's principle?

Transport of oxygen by haemoglobin in blood

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Removal of

C O_{2}

from tissues by blood

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Tooth decay due to use of sweet substances

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All of the above

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Solution

The correct option is B All of the above
(i) The haemoglobin of $R B C$ combines with oxygen in lungs following the equilibrium
$H_{b} (s) + O_{2} (g) ⇌ H_{b} O_{2} (s)$
When these are at lungs, the partial pressure of $O_{2}$ being appreciable to show forward reaction, however when they pass to tissues, the partial pressure of $O_{2}$ decrease to favour backward reaction releasing $O_{2}$ .
(ii) Removal of $C O_{2}$ from blood is based on the equilibrium,
$C O_{2} (g) + H_{2} O (l) ⇌ H^{+} (a q) + H C O_{3}^{-} (a q)$
In tissues $C O_{2}$ gets dissolved in $H_{2} O$ due to high pressure whereas in lungs, the $C O_{2}$ is released out because of low pressure of $C O_{2}$ .
(iii) Tooth enamel substance (hydroxyapatite) $C a_{5} {(P O_{4})}_{3} O H$ shows the following equilibrium
$C a_{5} {(P O_{4})}_{3} O H D e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n ⇌ R e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n 5 {C a}^{2 +} (a q) + 3 P O_{4}^{3 -} (a q) + O H^{-} (a q)$
The use of sweet material or fermentation produces $H^{+}$ , which combines with $O H^{-}$ to favour demineralization of enamel causing tooth decay.

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