Question

Which disease caused to the people living at high altitudes?

Answer 1

Anoxia is a condition caused to people who travel to higher altitudes.
At high altitudes, the pressure is much lower and accoring to Henry's law, it decreases the solubility of Oxygen in the blood and results in breathlessness and inability to think clearly. People start to faint and become weak.
But people usually get acclimatized sooner or later
Acclimatization : The body eventually adjusts (acclimatizes) to higher altitudes by increasing respiration, by producing more red blood cells to carry oxygen to the tissues, and by making other adjustments in the body. Most people can adjust to altitudes of up to 10,000 feet in a few days. Adjusting to much higher altitudes takes many days or weeks, but some people can eventually carry out nearly normal activities at altitudes above 17,500 feet (about 5,300 meters). However, no one can fully acclimatize to long-term residence above that altitude.
Only anoxia is included in NCERT sylabbus

Some other high altitude diseases are given below ( MAY be required for NEET exam)
1) Acute mountain sickness : Acute mountain sickness is a mild form of altitude disease and is the most common form. It usually does not develop unless altitude is at least 8,000 feet (2,440 meters), but it can develop at lower altitudes in highly susceptible people. Symptoms usually develop within 6 to 10 hours of ascent and often include headache and one or more other symptoms, such as light-headedness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, or irritability. Some people describe the symptoms as similar to those of a hangover. Symptoms usually last 24 to 48 hours. Occasionally, acute mountain sickness progresses to a more severe form of altitude disease known as high-altitude cerebral edema.

2) High Altitude cerebral edema : HACE is a rare but potentially fatal condition. People with HACE have headache, confusion, and walking that is unsteady and uncoordinated (ataxia). If the disorder is not recognized and treated at an early stage, affected people may lapse into a coma. These symptoms may progress rapidly from mild to life-threatening within a few hours.

3) High altitude pulmonary edema : HAPE usually develops 24 to 96 hours after a rapid ascent to over 8,000 feet (2,500 meters). HAPE is responsible for most deaths due to altitude disease. People who live at high altitudes may develop HAPE when they return after a brief stay at a lower altitude, a phenomenon called reentry pulmonary edema. Respiratory infections, even minor ones, may increase the risk. Symptoms are worse at night when people lay down and can quickly become more severe if HAPE is not recognized and treated promptly. Mild symptoms usually include a dry cough and shortness of breath after only mild exertion. Moderate symptoms include shortness of breath at rest and a bluish tinge to the skin, lips, and nails . Severe symptoms include gasping for breath, pink or bloody sputum, severe cyanosis, and making gurgling sounds while breathing.