An earthquake wave is a wave due to disturbance within the surface of the earth. It can be caused due to natural causes such as shifting of tectonic plates and volcanic eruptions.
Earthquake waves can be broadly divided into two types, namely, P-waves (primary waves) and S-waves (secondary waves).
P-waves are longitudinal waves, which means that the direction of oscillation and propagation are the same. These waves create a series of compressions and dilations.
S-waves are transverse waves, which means that the direction of the oscillation of the wave is perpendicular to its direction.
S-wave is the most destructive wave and dangerous wave because of greater amplitude.
They damage the man made structures the most as they motion only under the surface.