Satellites use various versions of pressurized liquid propellant engines utilizing monopropellant hydrazine or hydrazine/oxidizer mixtures as propellant. High specific-impulse ion propulsion is also utilized using xenon as a propellant.
As a matter of fact, once a satellite is launched into it's orbit, it moves with a uniform speed around the earth under the gravitational force of the earth. Only small amounts of fuel are requires for overcoming atmospheric drag and making occasional corrections in the path.