A fern is a type of vascular plant that reproduces by way of spores rather than seeds or flowers.
The sporophyte generation predominates in vascular plants.
In vascular plants without seeds, such as ferns, the sporophyte exudes spores from the undersides of leaves.
The next generation of sporophyte plants grows from the spores as they mature into tiny, distinct gametophytes.
A plant or alga's sporophyte stage in the life cycle is a diploid multicellular stage.
Each sporophyte cell contains a double pair of chromosomes, one set from each parent, as it develops from the zygote created when a haploid egg cell is fertilised by a haploid sperm.