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B
Decomposition
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C
Energy flow
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D
Stratification
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Solution
The correct option is C Stratification Stratification is formation of different layers of strata. It is a functional unit of forests. Many forests consist of 3 strata, namely a layer of tree, a layer of shrubs and a layer of herbaceous plants. Ecosystem consists of living and nonliving things. Productivity is the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem. Decomposition is the process of breakdown of dead organic material. The upper layer of soil is the site for decomposition in the ecosystem. In an ecosystem, energy flow from producers to consumers to decomposers and then back to the environment.