CameraIcon
CameraIcon
SearchIcon
MyQuestionIcon
MyQuestionIcon
1
You visited us 1 times! Enjoying our articles? Unlock Full Access!
Question

Which Is the most stable carbonium ion?


Open in App
Solution

Carbonium ion

Any cation possessing a pentavalent carbon atom enhances the carbonium ion. Methanium, which is the proper name for the simplest member of the class when the five valences are saturated with hydrogen atoms, is also known as carbonium. After methanium, the simplest carbonium ions comprise just two carbon atoms.

Carbonium ion structure

Most stable Carbonium ion

  • The displacement of electrons along a chain, which again is facilitated by a bond, is characterized as the inductive effect. I and +I are the multiple opposite impact kinds. The electron-releasing inductive effect (also known as the +I effect), which transpires whenever the electron-releasing group (such as an alkyl group), transports the electron away from itself, actually took place.
  • We can now explore the hyperconjugation effect, whereby electrons are delocalized and take up space in the methyl group's hydrogen and carbon orbitals. The terms "no bond resonance," "secondary bond resonance," and "no bond resonance" have all been used to describe the Baker & Nathan phenomenon.

Example

  • If a molecule does not have hydrogen coupled to an approach. this means, there is no hyperconjugation. Hyperconjugation maintains the stability of carbonium ions in the hypothesis. This is a more unusual theme: electrons are supplied to the unfilled orbital from a bond (in this example, the CH).
  • The stability of the carbocation is enhanced in the presence of additional hyperconjugation resonance structures, which are induced by the addition of more alkyl groups to the positively charged carbon. Strengthening the stability of carbocation is one possibility.

Definition is that Tertiary > secondary > primary > methyl

  • Compared to secondary carbocation, tertiary carbocation has a wider diversity of resonance types. The resonance structures of the secondary carbocation are more energetic than even the fundamental carbocation.
  • Applying these effects to the various factors that influence results in multiple resonance configurations for the tertiary carbonium ion.

The tertiary carbonium ion's resonance structures were just as follows

The Secondary carbocation of hyperconjugation is as follows

The primary carbocation of hyperconjugation is as follows

Methyl carbonium ion C+H3 does not have any hyperconjugation structures.

The most stable carbonium Ion is tertiary carbocation.


flag
Suggest Corrections
thumbs-up
1
Join BYJU'S Learning Program
similar_icon
Related Videos
thumbnail
lock
Hydrogen Bond
CHEMISTRY
Watch in App
Join BYJU'S Learning Program
CrossIcon