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Question
Which kind of therapy was given in 1990 to a four-year-old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency?
Which kind of therapy was given in 1990 to a four-year-old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency?
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Solution
The correct option is B Gene therapy
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme is important for functioning of the immune system. Its deficiency can lead to Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID). It is a life-threatening condition as there is no proliferation of lymphocytes. Such children are prone to opportunistic infections leading to death.
Gene therapy is a treatment that consists of introducing a normal copy of defective genes into the patient's cells.
Gene therapy has been attempted for many disorders, one of which is Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
The lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture outside the body. A functional ADA cDNA (complementary DNA synthesized from mRNA) is then introduced into these lymphocytes using disarmed/harmless retroviral vectors. These lymphocytes are subsequently returned to the patient. As lymphocytes are not immortal, the patient requires periodic infusion of such genetically engineered lymphocytes. However, if the ADA gene isolated from marrow cells is introduced at early embryonic stages, it could be a permanent cure.
Radiation therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy are used to treat various forms of cancer.
Radiation therapy – The affected body part is exposed to radiations like X-rays, protons or other types of energy to kill the cancer cells. Tumour cells are irradiated lethally without harming the normal tissues surrounding the tumour mass.
Chemotherapy – Chemotherapeutic drugs are used to kill cancer cells, stop the spread and slow their growth. The drugs are administered by mouth, in shots or intravenously.
Immunotherapy is a type of biological therapy in which the body’s own cells, or other natural agents are used to help boost the natural immune response against cancer.
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme is important for functioning of the immune system. Its deficiency can lead to Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID). It is a life-threatening condition as there is no proliferation of lymphocytes. Such children are prone to opportunistic infections leading to death.
Gene therapy is a treatment that consists of introducing a normal copy of defective genes into the patient's cells.
Gene therapy has been attempted for many disorders, one of which is Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
The lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture outside the body. A functional ADA cDNA (complementary DNA synthesized from mRNA) is then introduced into these lymphocytes using disarmed/harmless retroviral vectors. These lymphocytes are subsequently returned to the patient. As lymphocytes are not immortal, the patient requires periodic infusion of such genetically engineered lymphocytes. However, if the ADA gene isolated from marrow cells is introduced at early embryonic stages, it could be a permanent cure.
Radiation therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy are used to treat various forms of cancer.
Radiation therapy – The affected body part is exposed to radiations like X-rays, protons or other types of energy to kill the cancer cells. Tumour cells are irradiated lethally without harming the normal tissues surrounding the tumour mass.
Chemotherapy – Chemotherapeutic drugs are used to kill cancer cells, stop the spread and slow their growth. The drugs are administered by mouth, in shots or intravenously.
Immunotherapy is a type of biological therapy in which the body’s own cells, or other natural agents are used to help boost the natural immune response against cancer.
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