3
Question
Which of the following are the methods that can be included while testing for the presence of viral pathogens in the body at an early stage?
1. Urine analysis
2. ELISA
3. Autoradiography
4. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Which of the following are the methods that can be included while testing for the presence of viral pathogens in the body at an early stage?
1. Urine analysis
2. ELISA
3. Autoradiography
4. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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Solution
The correct option is B 2, 3 and 4
The process of studying the symptoms in a person as a result of a disease is called diagnosis.
PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) is a technique used in molecular biology to create several copies of a certain DNA segment. Very low concentrations of virus and bacteria can be detected by amplifying the DNA. PCR/RT- PCR is used to detect the HIV virus in AIDS patients. Mutation of the gene in a cancer patient can also be detected by using this technique.
ELISA is a basic assay technique, known as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, that is carried out to detect and measure antibodies, antigens, hormones, peptides and proteins in the blood. ELISA works on the principle of antibody-antigen interaction.
Infection by the pathogens can be detected in two ways.
a. Detecting the presence of antigens
b. Detecting antibodies synthesized against the pathogen.
ELISA can provide a useful measurement of antigen-antibody concentration.
In Southern blotting, the fragments of DNA are run on agarose gel and separated on the basis of their size, under the influence of an electric field. Later they are transferred to the nitrocellulose membrane where a probe which is radiolabelled and complementary to the specific DNA sequence hybridises. Using X-ray, they can be detected on the photographic film. This technique is called autoradiography.
ELISA, PCR and autoradiography are some of the techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis.
Conventional methods of diagnosis like urine analysis may not allow early detection as the degree of infection might be less and hence the test result may not be reliable.
The process of studying the symptoms in a person as a result of a disease is called diagnosis.
PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) is a technique used in molecular biology to create several copies of a certain DNA segment. Very low concentrations of virus and bacteria can be detected by amplifying the DNA. PCR/RT- PCR is used to detect the HIV virus in AIDS patients. Mutation of the gene in a cancer patient can also be detected by using this technique.
ELISA is a basic assay technique, known as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, that is carried out to detect and measure antibodies, antigens, hormones, peptides and proteins in the blood. ELISA works on the principle of antibody-antigen interaction.
Infection by the pathogens can be detected in two ways.
a. Detecting the presence of antigens
b. Detecting antibodies synthesized against the pathogen.
ELISA can provide a useful measurement of antigen-antibody concentration.
In Southern blotting, the fragments of DNA are run on agarose gel and separated on the basis of their size, under the influence of an electric field. Later they are transferred to the nitrocellulose membrane where a probe which is radiolabelled and complementary to the specific DNA sequence hybridises. Using X-ray, they can be detected on the photographic film. This technique is called autoradiography.
ELISA, PCR and autoradiography are some of the techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis.
Conventional methods of diagnosis like urine analysis may not allow early detection as the degree of infection might be less and hence the test result may not be reliable.
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