Question

Which of the following are the most suitable indicators of ${\mathrm{SO}}_2$ pollution in the environment?

• A. Conifers
• B. Lichens
• C. Algae
• D. Fungi

Answer 1

The correct option is B

Lichens

The correct option is B.

The explanation for the correct option:

1. Lichens do not develop in ${\mathrm{SO}}_2$-contaminated locations, they are used as markers of air pollution.
2. These lichen phycobionts are sensitive to ${\mathrm{SO}}_2$. Because lichens get their water and critical nutrients mostly from the atmosphere rather than the soil, they are the best bio-indicators for air pollution, particularly sulfur dioxide contamination.
3. Lichens that are shrubby, hairy, and leafy grow common when the air is pure.
4. In metropolitan environments, lichen species that can endure high amounts of pollution are typically seen on sidewalks, walls, and tree bark.

The explanation for the incorrect options:

Option A:

1. Conifers are trees and shrubs that have needle-shaped or scale-like leaves.
2. Conifers comprise both true cone-bearing species (such as pines) and fruit-bearing species (such as yews).
3. They can grow in a polluted environment.

Option C:

1. Algae refer to a lower group of plants, which are eukaryotic, multicellular, and can be found in any habitat.
2. They can grow in a polluted environment.

Option D:

1. A fungus is a category of a eukaryotic organism that includes less well-known mushrooms as well as yeasts, molds, and other microorganisms.
2. They are able to flourish in a contaminated setting.

Final answer: Lichens are the most suitable indicators of ${\mathrm{SO}}_2$ pollution in the environment.