The correct option is D It is the entire sequence of communities formed in ecological succession
Ecological succession is a steady, gradual change in the composition and structure of communities of an area with the changing environment. It is predictable, sequential and occurs in accordance with the changing physical environment.
In an area, the entire sequence of communities that successively undergo change are called sere(s). Each individual community formed during the transitions is called a seral stage or seral community.
A series of such transitions that eventually lead to a community that is in near equilibrium with the environment, is called climax community.
The first stage of both primary and secondary succession is the arrival of the pioneer species which are the species that first colonise an area during succession.