The correct option is D a material medium
In any wave motion, energy is always transferred to the next particle which is succeeding the previous particle. In a wave motion, particles are oscillating in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation or parallel. Since oscillation is a periodic motion, we can say that periodic motion is always associated with the wave. An oscillatory disturbance is always imparted the next and next particle and this is how the disturbance Travels across the particles. Ordinary waves require a material medium for propagation. But electromagnetic waves do not require any material medium. They can also propagate through vacuum. Thus material medium is not a necessary condition for all wave motions.