Which of the following elements forms double or triple bonds involving $p - p$ bonding?

Carbon

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Silicon

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Germanium

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Tin

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Solution

The correct option is C Carbon
Carbon can form $π$ -bond most efficiently in its group as it is $2^{n d}$ period element. Therefore $2 p - 2 p$ orbitals involved in $π$ -bonding. On going down the group, size of orbital increases and extend of $π$ -bond formation decreases.

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In the context of hydrocarbons, consider the following statements,

i) Compounds with single bonds are more stable than those with double or triple bonds.

ii) During the formation of the double or triple bonds, the spatial orientation of other orbitals changes and interelectronic repulsions increase.

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