Which of the following emissions change the atomic number and mass number?

Gamma-emission

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Beta-emission

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Electron - emission

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Alpha - emission

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Solution

The correct options are
B
Beta-emission

D
Alpha - emission

Radioactive decay takes place either by $α - e m i s s i o n o r β - e m i s s i o n$ .

1. When a radioactive nucleus decays by emitting an alpha - particle, its mass number (A) decreases by 4 units while its proton number (Z) decreases by 2 units. The equation can be represented as :
$_{Z}^{A} X \to_{Z - 2}^{A - 4} Y +_{2}^{4} H e (α - p a r t i c l e)$

2. When a radioactive nucleus decays by emitting a $β - p a r t i c l e,$ there is no change in its mass number (A) but its proton number increases by one unit. The equation can be represented as :
$_{Z}^{A} X \to_{Z + 1}^{A} Y +_{- 1}^{0} β + E n e r g y$

3. When a radioactive nucleus decays by emitting a $γ - p a r t i c l e,$ there is no change in its mass number (A) and atomic number(Z). The equation can be represented as :

$_{Z}^{A} X \to_{Z}^{A} X +_{0}^{0} γ + E n e r g y$

4. No change in atomic and mass number due to an electron emission.

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