The correct option is C Both a and b
Linkage is the physical association of genes on a chromosome. Tight linkage ensures the transmission of genes as a unit from parents to offspring over subsequent generations.
On the contrary, crossing over is the process of exchange of segments of non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. This disrupts the original combination of the linked genes. This leads to the generation of new combinations of genes, also known as recombination, which are then inherited as a unit.
However, the chance of crossing over between two very closely located genes is too low. Hence, the chances of recombination is quite negligible. This ensures their stable inheritance together from parents to offsprings.