The correct options are
A Altitude
B Himalayan mountain ranges
As altitude increases, temperature drops. As it goes up higher into the atmosphere, the number of air molecules present keep decreasing. The air molecules absorb heat, making a place warm. At the ground level, the number of air molecules are more while higher up in the mountainous regions, there are less number of air molecules. These air molecules absorb less heat, due to which the region stays cold.
Ladakh falls in the rain shadow area of the Himalayas. So it receives very little rainfall throughout the year.
Snowfall is a result of weather conditions and not a factor affecting the climate of Ladakh.