Which of the following group(s) shows $+ M$ effect ?

- N H_{2}

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- O R

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- C O R

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- C O O H

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Solution

The correct option is B $- O R$
$+ M$ groups increase the electron density on the benzene ring and are called activating groups.
$- N H_{2}$ and $- O R$ both show $+ M$ effect whereas $- C O R$ and $- C O O H$ show $- M$ effect.
$+ M$ group increases electron density at ortho/para positions.

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